

@article{Tai2024,
	author = {Tai, Yuehong Cassandra and Hu, Yue and Solt, Frederick},
	date-added = {2024-10-04 11:03:11 -0500},
	date-modified = {2024-10-17 13:35:11 -0500},
	journal = {American Political Science Review},
	number = {1},
	pages = {512--518},
	title = {Democracy, Public Support, and Measurement Uncertainty},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2024},
	bdsk-file-1 = {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},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055422000429}}

@manual{Solt2019,
	author = {Solt, Frederick and Hu, Yue and Tai, Yuehong Cassandra},
	date-added = {2023-02-05 12:02:02 -0600},
	date-modified = {2023-02-05 12:03:47 -0600},
	note = {R package available at \verb+https://github.com/fsolt/DCPOtools+},
	title = {DCPOtools: Tools for Dynamic Comparative Public Opinion},
	year = 2019}

@article{Claassen2022,
	abstract = { Ineffective governance is known to weaken support for governments and leaders. However, it is less clear whether these effects spill over to the regime and erode support for the democratic system. This article returns to this classic question, now using time-series, cross-sectional data to test whether the effectiveness of governments in sustaining economic growth, providing quality healthcare, and tackling violent crime affects popular attitudes to democracy. We find that satisfaction with democracy is driven by fluctuations in economic performance and violent crime (but not healthcare quality). Diffuse support for democracy, in contrast, remains relatively impervious to changes in government effectiveness. Violent crime is the only indicator of effectiveness which has an impact on democratic support, and does so indirectly, via its influence on democratic satisfaction. These findings confirm that democratic support---which, unlike democratic satisfaction, is thought to help sustain democracy---is mostly immune to crises of performance. },
	author = {Christopher Claassen and Pedro C. Magalh{\~a}es},
	date-added = {2023-02-02 12:36:36 -0600},
	date-modified = {2023-02-02 12:36:36 -0600},
	journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
	number = {5},
	pages = {869-894},
	title = {Effective Government and Evaluations of Democracy},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2022},
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	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140211036042}}

@article{Claassen2019,
	author = {Claassen, Christopher},
	date-added = {2023-02-02 12:36:21 -0600},
	date-modified = {2023-02-02 12:36:21 -0600},
	file = {D\:\\MEGAsync\\Nutstore\\01_Literature\\Claassen_2019_Estimating Smooth Country--Year Panels of Public Opinion.pdf},
	ids = {claassenₑstimating₂019,claassenₑstimating₂019-1},
	journal = {Political Analysis},
	keywords = {Bayesian estimation,hierarchical modeling,IRT,latent variables,public opinion,support for democracy,time series},
	number = {1},
	pages = {1--20},
	timestamp = {2020-06-24T02:49:29Z},
	title = {Estimating {{Smooth Country}}\textendash{{Year Panels}} of {{Public Opinion}}},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2019}}

@article{Claassen2020a,
	abstract = {It is widely believed that democracy requires public support to survive. The empirical evidence for this hypothesis is weak, however, with existing tests resting on small cross-sectional samples and producing contradictory results. The underlying problem is that survey measures of support for democracy are fragmented across time, space, and different survey questions. In response, this article uses a Bayesian latent variable model to estimate a smooth country-year panel of democratic support for 135 countries and up to 29 years. The article then demonstrates a positive effect of support on subsequent democratic change, while adjusting for the possible confounding effects of prior levels of democracy and unobservable time-invariant factors. Support is, moreover, more robustly linked with the endurance of democracy than its emergence in the first place. As Lipset (1959) and Easton (1965) hypothesized over 50 years ago, public support does indeed help democracy survive.},
	author = {Claassen, Christopher},
	date-added = {2023-02-02 12:36:21 -0600},
	date-modified = {2023-02-02 12:36:21 -0600},
	file = {D\:\\MEGAsync\\Nutstore\\01_Literature\\Claassen2019_Does Public Support Help Democracy Survive.pdf;D\:\\MEGAsync\\Nutstore\\01_Literature\\Claassen2019_Does Public Support Help Democracy Survive2.pdf},
	issn = {0092-5853, 1540-5907},
	journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
	keywords = {IRT},
	langid = {english},
	month = jan,
	number = {1},
	pages = {118--134},
	timestamp = {2020-06-24T02:49:39Z},
	title = {Does {{Public Support Help Democracy Survive}}?},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12452}}

@article{Claassen2020b,
	abstract = {Public support has long been thought crucial for the vitality and survival of democracy. Existing research has argued that democracy also creates its own demand: through early-years socialization and later-life learning, the presence of a democratic system coupled with the passage of time produces widespread public support for democracy. Using new panel measures of democratic mood varying over 135 countries and up to 30 years, this article finds little evidence for such a positive feedback effect of democracy on support. Instead, it demonstrates a negative thermostatic effect: increases in democracy depress democratic mood, while decreases cheer it. Moreover, it is increases in the liberal, counter-majoritarian aspects of democracy, not the majoritarian, electoral aspects that provoke this backlash from citizens. These novel results challenge existing research on support for democracy, but also reconcile this research with the literature on macro-opinion.},
	author = {Claassen, Christopher},
	date-added = {2023-02-02 12:36:21 -0600},
	date-modified = {2023-02-02 12:36:21 -0600},
	file = {D\:\\MEGAsync\\Nutstore\\01_Literature\\Claassen2020_In the Mood for Democracy - Democratic Support as Thermostatic Opinion.pdf;D\:\\MEGAsync\\Nutstore\\01_Literature\\Claassen2020_In the Mood for Democracy.pdf},
	issn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},
	journal = {American Political Science Review},
	keywords = {IRT},
	langid = {english},
	month = feb,
	number = {1},
	pages = {36--53},
	publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
	shorttitle = {In the {{Mood}} for {{Democracy}}?},
	timestamp = {2020-06-24T02:49:26Z},
	title = {In the {{Mood}} for {{Democracy}}? {{Democratic Support}} as {{Thermostatic Opinion}}},
	volume = {114},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000558}}

@unpublished{Solt2020c,
	abstract = {The study of public opinion in comparative context has been hampered by data that is sparse, that is, unavailable for many countries and years; incomparable, i.e., ostensibly addressing the same issue but generated by different survey items; or, most often, both. Questions of representation and of policy feedback on public opinion, for example, cannot be explored fully from a cross-national perspective without comparable time-series data for many countries that span their respective times of policy adoption. Recent works (Claassen 2019; Caughey, O'Grady, and Warshaw 2019) have introduced a latent variable approach to the study of comparative public opinion that maximizes the information gleaned from available surveys to overcome issues of sparse and incomparable data and allow comparativists to examine the dynamics of public opinion. This article advances this field of research by presenting a new model and software for estimating latent variables of public opinion from cross-national survey data that yield superior fit and more quantities of theoretical interest than previous works allow.},
	author = {Solt, Frederick},
	date-added = {2023-02-02 12:36:05 -0600},
	date-modified = {2023-02-02 12:36:05 -0600},
	doi = {10.31235/osf.io/d5n9p},
	file = {D\:\\MEGAsync\\Nutstore\\01_Literature\\Solt2020_Modeling Dynamic Comparative Public Opinion2.pdf},
	keywords = {IRT},
	month = {Jan},
	publisher = {SocArXiv},
	timestamp = {2020-06-24T02:51:31Z},
	title = {Modeling {{Dynamic Comparative Public Opinion}}},
	url = {https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/d5n9p/},
	year = {2020},
	bdsk-url-1 = {https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/d5n9p/},
	bdsk-url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/d5n9p}}

@misc{Solt2020a,
	author = {Solt, Frederick},
	date-added = {2023-01-29 11:42:55 -0600},
	date-modified = {2023-01-29 11:42:55 -0600},
	howpublished = {Available at the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). \verb+https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=DCPO+},
	title = {DCPO: Dynamic Comparative Public Opinion},
	year = {2020}}
